Poor dietary habits in Thailand are placing significant pressure on the national healthcare system and slowing economic growth, according to recent findings by the Department of Health Promotion Services (DHPS). A survey released in February 2025 highlights the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) linked to unhealthy eating patterns.
The DHPS, under the Ministry of Public Health, surveyed 52,000 individuals nationwide, revealing widespread consumption of foods high in sugar, fat, and salt. According to Dr Panuwat Panket, the department’s director-general, over half of respondents reported consuming sugary drinks or desserts at least three times per week. Similarly, nearly half regularly eat high-fat meals, including fried and fast food items, while around 50% frequently consume salty dishes such as papaya salad and spicy Thai salads.
These dietary choices are associated with elevated risks of chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, respiratory ailments, kidney disorders, and various forms of cancer.
A separate analysis by the National Health Security Office shows that more than 52% of its 152.7 billion baht healthcare budget for fiscal year 2024 went toward treating NCDs. Public Health Minister Somsak Thepsutin emphasized that these diseases are not only a major health concern but also an economic one. Annual losses attributed to NCD-related costs are estimated at over 1 trillion baht, equating to nearly 10% of Thailand’s gross domestic product.
The burden is made heavier by a general lack of public knowledge around nutrition. Dr Adisorn Vatthanasak, deputy director-general of DHPS, noted that only 15% of respondents could correctly identify healthy levels of salt consumption. In addition, nearly 60% of participants said they were reluctant to ask for less seasoning in restaurant meals, despite knowing the health implications.
The rise in NCDs is largely driven by preventable lifestyle factors, including poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol use, and prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in air pollution. Health officials continue to encourage the public to eat more fruits and vegetables and reduce their intake of processed and high-sodium foods.
The report’s findings were discussed alongside ongoing public health campaigns attended by several senior ministry officials, including Public Health Minister Somsak Thepsutin, DHPS Director-General Dr Panuwat Panket, and Deputy Director-General Dr Adisorn Vatthanasak.
